Theoretical and Empirical Perspective of Macroeconomic, Money, Banking and Foreign Trade Issues

In the process that started with the Pandemic Epidemic Covid-19 in recent years, the Russia-Ukraine war and the negative developments in the
energy market have caused radical changes in both the financial markets and the real sector production structures, and this situation has pushed banks and
other intermediary institutions to new searches. Socio-economic developments, which have had a global impact, have begun to reshape
economies towards the new world order, both in national and international markets. The inclusion of new financial instruments in the system, following
the contraction in production and the increasing need for financing, increased the financial depth in the financial markets. In addition, the
negative process experienced deeply affected not only the financial markets, but also the real sector with the increase in production costs following the
rise in energy prices. The shrinkage in international markets and many other factors dragged developed economies into a recessionist environment, which
caused a great contraction in international trade. In this process, where the world economy was reshaped, the increasing importance of financial markets and foreign trade pushed national economies to new searches.